{"id":3340,"date":"2019-07-04T12:26:37","date_gmt":"2019-07-04T10:26:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.guremarket.eus\/?p=3340"},"modified":"2019-07-04T12:28:56","modified_gmt":"2019-07-04T10:28:56","slug":"micro-y-nanoplasticos-en-la-cadena-alimentaria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.guremarket.eus\/eu\/2019\/07\/04\/micro-y-nanoplasticos-en-la-cadena-alimentaria\/","title":{"rendered":"Mikroplastiko eta nanoplastikoak elikakatean"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"wpb_text_column wpb_content_element\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<p>Dokumentu hau mikroplastiko eta nanoplastikoei buruzko 4.200 artikulu baino gehiagoren analisiaren emaitza da. Hain zuzen, artikulu horiek mikroplastiko eta nanoplastikoek elikagaietako eta animalia-espezie jangarrietako kutsatzaile gisa duten eraginean espezializatutako adituek berrikusi dituzte.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"vc_row wpb_row vc_row-fluid\">\n<div class=\"wpb_column vc_column_container vc_col-sm-12\">\n<div class=\"vc_column-inner\">\n<div class=\"wpb_wrapper\">\n<div class=\"vc_separator wpb_content_element vc_separator_align_center vc_sep_width_100 vc_sep_pos_align_center vc_separator_no_text\">Europan, 2012an produzitutako etxeko plastikoaren % 26 birziklatu egin zen, % 36 energia sortzeko erre zen eta gainerako % 38a hondakindegietara eraman zen.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Hala eta guztiz ere, <strong>kalkulatzen da 10-20 tona plastikok ozeanoetan bukatu zutela<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>2013an, 300 milioi tona plastiko inguru sortu ziren mundu osoan (% 4 hazi zen plastiko produkzioa aurreko urtearen aldean)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Gaur egun, mikroplastiko eta nanoplastikoak oso zabalduta daude ingurumenean. Etxe barruko nahiz kanpoko airean, uretan, sedimentuetan eta lurreko eta uretako organismoetan aurki daitezke.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_3345\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3345\" style=\"width: 329px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.guremarket.eus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/post-micro-y-nanoplasticos-en-la-cadena-alimentaria.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3345\" src=\"https:\/\/www.guremarket.eus\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/post-micro-y-nanoplasticos-en-la-cadena-alimentaria.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"329\" height=\"500\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-3345\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brigitte Toussaint, Barbara Raffael, Alexandre Angers-Loustau, Douglas Gilliland, Vikram Kestens, Mauro Petrillo, Iria M. Rio-Echevarria &amp; Guy Van den Eede(2019) Review of micro- and nanoplastic contamination in the food chain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Kutsatzaile horietako gehienak <em><strong>\u201cerabilera bakarreko plastikoetatik\u201d<\/strong><\/em>, arrantza\u2011aparailuetatik, arropa eta kosmetikoetatik, nekazaritza-plastikoetatik, pinturetatik eta hiri-hautsetik datoz.<\/p>\n<p>Kutsatzaile iraunkorrak direnez gero, espezieen arteko transferentzia trofikoak metaketa biologikoa eragin dezake. Maila trofiko goreneko espezieetako mikroplastiko- eta nanoplastiko-kontzentrazioa kate trofikoaren behealdean dauden espezieena baino altuagoa da.<\/p>\n<p>Plastiko-partikula horiek zuzenean irenstearen bitartez (mikroplastiko esekiak) edo transferentzia trofikoaren bitartez (beste itsas animalia batzuk jatea) iristen dira itsas espezieetara, eta, horren ondorioz, mikroplastikoak hauteman dira arrainen, bibalbioen, krustazeoen eta dortoken traktu gastrointestinaletan.<\/p>\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Berrikusitako artikuluetako batek azaltzen du animalientzako pentsuak prestatzeko animalien tripak erabiltzeak (adibidez, oilategiko hegaztien produkziorako eta txerrien hazkuntzarako) osasunean eragin potentziala izan dezakeela etorkizunean.<\/p>\n<p>Arrainetatik eratorritako produktuen % 40 inguru baino ez da giza kontsumora bideratzen; horrek esan nahi du arraina eta itsaskiak prozesatzen dituen industriak arrain-buru, hezur, azal eta errai forman baztertzen duela lehengaiaren % 60a.<\/p>\n<p>Azpiproduktu horiek mantenugai ugari (proteinak eta mineralak) dituzte, eta birbalorizatu egin daitezke animalien elikadurarako proteina-eduki handiko osagai gisa. Aintzat hartuta pentsuak animalien produkzioaren kostuen % 40 eta % 50 artean hartzen duela, kostu baxuko osagai horiek animaliak elikatzeko aukera merkeagoa dira.<\/p>\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Pentsuak prestatzerakoan, arrain-irinak nahastu egiten dira beste osagai batzuekin, eta, beraz, <strong>ez dago modurik bide hori mikroplastiko eta nanoplastikoak irensteko iturri gisa baztertzeko. Alabaina, ez dago azterketarik hiltegiko abereek elikaduraren bitartez hartutako kutsadurari buruz<\/strong>, ezta elikadura horrek animalien osasunean edo giza kontsumorako haragiaren kalitatean duen eraginari buruz ere. Horrenbestez, gaur egun ezin da horren ebidentziarik aurkeztu.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/19440049.2019.1583381\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Review of micro- and nanoplastic contamination in the food chain &#8211; Food Additives &amp; Contaminants<\/a><\/strong><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El presente documento es el fruto del an\u00e1lisis de m\u00e1s de 4.200 art\u00edculos en torno a micro y nanopl\u00e1sticos, que han sido revisados \u200b\u200bpor expertos en micro y nanopl\u00e1sticos como contaminantes en alimentos y en especies animales comestibles En Europa, el 26% del pl\u00e1stico dom\u00e9stico producido en 2012 fue reciclado, el 36% fue incinerado para 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